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Tiddukla
Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad, 16006, Alger, Algérie
adadam89@yahoo.fr
Tabrat
n Yimedyazen
Taghmist
n Tiddukla - Utt'un 4
(ddur't
n 21 gher 27 Yunyu 2003)
Tigejdit
:
Azul
fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin
Tughal-d
teghmist-nnegh s yed'risen imaynuten, d id'risen yuran s tmazight si tt'erf
alamma d tt'erf u nessaram, ma yebgha R'ebbi, dima ad d-tettughal di lweqt,
yal ddur't, akken ad nkemmel yis-s aghnas (amennugh) i lmend n tutlayt-nnegh.
Ahat gren watmaten d teysetmatin-nnegh tamawt d akken ghezzifit yed'risen
ay nettaru s tmazight. Dgha nesseqdac tamazight akken ad d-nemmeslay yis-s
ghef tghawsiwin ur ughen ara tanumi medden qqaren-tent s tutlayt-nsen
yernu nesseqdac-itt digh s yiwen n ughanib (style) d anesbaghur (amer'kanti)
i deg d-nessedday at'as n wawalen imaynuten, akken ad ten-nesselmad i
yimeghriyen-nnegh. Nessaram kan d akken ad ilin fehhmen ayen d asen-nettaru,
yernu isallen qqaren deg-s ad ten-nefâen di tudert-nsen akken ara nefâen
idles d tutlayt tamazight. Ayen ara nteg s teghmist-a netta d acqar (défi)
i wid merr'a ay ih'eqren tamazight, ama seg wid-nnegh negh seg wiyad'.
Wid s-yeqqaren d akken tamazight d tutlayt kan n wexxam negh n udaynin
(akken llan qqaren-d ghef tbaskit akk d tlitwanit). Wid s-yeqqaren d akken
tamazight d tutlayt tigellilt i yes ur nezmir ara ad d-nemmeslay ghef
wakk ayen nebgha, am tefr'ensist d taâr'abt. Wid s-yeqqaren d akken d
tafr'ensist ay ilaqen ad asen-d-tbedd i lmendad i Yimazighen, si leâd'il
ar snernin tutlayt-nsen. Ihi nekni nebgha ad asen-d-nessebgen i wigi merr'a
d akken timez'riwt-nsen teghled', yernu tamazight tezmer i yiman-is, awi-d
kan ad tt-refden warraw-is. Xas tt'uqqten wid ara yettcemmiten di tutlayt-nnegh,
ttah'qaren-tt, u ttwalin-tt d akken ur tezmir ad tesâu amkan am nettat,
am tutlayin nnid'en, llan at'as seg watmaten-nnegh ay yebghan ad d-rz'en
asalu, ad ttarun s tutlayt-nnegh tighawsiwin am tid yuran s tutlayin nnid'en,
ad snernin tutlayt-nnegh deg wayen txuss' u ad as-fken amkan deg wat'as
n yinurar n tudert. Anect-a nezmer ad t-naf deg wat'as n yeghmisen d tesghunin,
deg wat'as n yemd'iqen n internet, i deg kra seg watmaten-nnegh tt arun-d
imagraden d yed'risen ifazen ghef tussna, ghef umezruy akk d tmusniwin
nnid'en. Tikwal, nettaf-iten d tarbaât, tikwal, i yiman-nsen kan ay qeddcen.
D acu kan, nebgha ad asen-nessiwed' i watmaten-agi-nnegh merr'a sslam
d ameqqran u ad asen-nefk tajmilt ghef wayen xeddmen, imi ay refden tamazight
gher temkant âlayen deg wulawen-nsen, imi ay tt-bghan ad d-tecbu tiyad',
ad tt-id-yughal wemkan-is di tmurt-is, ghur wegdud-is. Imal (avenir) n
tmazight ur iris ara kan ghef yiqerray n yimassanen (savants) negh ghef
wid n yiwunak (ddewlat), wanag d agdud-is ay yezwar lh'al akken ad tt-yerfed.
Yugh lh'al, ma yella d nekni ara d-yezwiren ghur-s ad tt-neddj, ur d-mazal
ad yili wayed' ara ixemmen fell-as. Qqaren-as wat zik : Win ur nesâi
tagmat meh'qur. Ihi d nekni kan ay d atmaten n tmazight, d nekni kan ay
d imawlan-is. Ur ilaq ara ad nsemmeh' deg-s.
IMEDYAZEN
Tutlayin iteddun akken ad negrent
Aqeddem
: di tallit i deg nettidir ass-a, tallit n uxebber, tutlayin ughalent
sâant tasghent (ddur') meqqren, imi yis-sent ay nettemsawad' isallen.
D acu kan, maci s kra yellan d tutlayt deg wemd'al (ddunit) tettekka deg
uxebber n medden, imi amd'al n tutlayin yebd'a ghef sin : tutlayin timeqqranin
akk d tutlayin timect'ah'. Di lweqt i deg tutlayin timeqqranin ttmeslayen-tent
ula d imdanen ur nelli si tmura i deg ttumeslayent, at'as n tutlayin timect'ah'
ara yettughalen gher deffir, ttaddjan-tent yemsiwlen-nsent. Imi at'as
si tutlayin-a ur d asent-gin ccan yimawlan-nsent akken ad ten-id-ssukksen
(ad tent-id-sellken), dgha cwit', cwit' ara ttmettatent, neggrent mad'i,
ur d-yettghimi ula d yiwen yessnen ad tent-yemmeslay. Tamattant n tutlayin
tettawi-d axess'ar meqqren ghef wegdud ay tt-yesr'uh'en, imi ay yezmer
ad as-yesr'uh' akk idles-yines akk d tnettit-is (identité), d acu kan,
at'as n yegduden deg wemd'anl, ur d-nerri s lexbar i wanect-a, yernu atni
la ttkemmilen ass-a ttmeslayen tutlayin tiberr'aniyin u ttaken afus di
nnger n tutlayin-nsen, d ayen ara ten-yessiwd'en yiwwas gher nndama tameqqrant.
Ma d kra n yegduden nnid'en, ukin-d i wugur-agi, z'ran d akken ma sr'uh'en
tutlayin-nsen ulac d acu ara sen-d-yeqqimen, dgha atni la xeddmen akk
ayen umi zemren akken ad tent-id-ssukksen. Akken yebghu yili, ulac tutlayt
deg wemd'al ay yuklalen ad tenger, imi tand'a (diversité) n tutlayin n
wemd'al tesâa lfayda meqqren i yemdanen n wemd'al merr'a. Nekni nettwali
d akken tamazight, di tegnit i deg tella ass-a, d yiwet si tutlayin ara
iteddun akken ad negrent, xas ulamma yiwen ur a d-ibedder tamsalt-a, xas
ulamma mazal lexwat'er n medden hennan, ur d-rrin ara s lexbar i wanect-a.
Ger n wakken tella tmazight zik-nni d wamek tella ass-a, at'as n wemgerrad
(lxilaf) ay yellan. Yiwen seg yimedyaten ay nezmer ad t-id-nefk ghef wemgerrad-agi
netta d asseqdec n tmazight ghur yilmez'yen imazighen n wass-a. At'as
n yimukan i deg ilmez'yen-nnegh ur ssinen ula d yiwen n wawal n tmazight,
di lweqt i deg at'as n yelmez'yen ay tt-yessnen ass-a, ur tt-ttmeslayen
ara mlih', akken tt-ttmeslayen yelmez'yen imazighen n zik-nni. Dgha nezmer
ad d-nini d akken taghara (qualité) n tutlayt-nnegh tenqes ger yid'elli
d wassa. Anect-a yemmal-d d akken ass-a, tebda la tent-tettagh tmazight
di llsas, imi ma kemmlen yelmez'yen ah'ric deg-sen ur yessin tutlayt-is,
ma d ah'ric nnid'en simmal yettughal gher deffir di tmusni-yines, tamazight
ur s-d-yeqqim ara kra n yimal. Yugh lh'al, tutlayt ur tettusemmay
ara temmut alamma d asmi ur d-ttghimin ara yelmez'yen ara id'emnen d akken
ad tkemmel sya ar sdat, ad tidir i uzekka. Dgha ma kemmlen yelmez'yen
imazighen ttaddjan tutlayt-nsen, tamazight s az'ekka ara tteg ah'urif.
Tamattant n tutlayin d ayen yellan deg wemd'al, yernu ula d nekni ilaq
ad as-naki. Qqaren-as :
H'ebber'
uqbel ad ted'ru
Afud
igerrzen
D acu-t
unamek-is mi ara d-nini d akken kra n tutlayt deg umihi (danger) ay tella
?
Tutlayt
yellan deg umihi d tin ayen ara iteddun akken ad tenger deg yimal (avenir)
i d-iqerben. At'as n tutlayin ayen ara ttaddjan yimawlan-nsent, u sseqdacen
deg wemkan-nsent tutlayin nnid'en, tid ay yettuseqdacen s wat'as di tmiwa
negh di tmura i deg ttidiren, am teglizit deg Yiwunak Yedduklan (USA)
negh taspenyulit di Miksik. Ma ur nbeddel ara lumur' yellan ass-a, tutlayin-agi
yellan deg umihi ur tent-id-yettaf ara lqern-agi ara d-iteddun. At'as
n tutlayin nnid'en ay ughalen ur a tent-lemmden yigerdan wala ledjyal
ijdiden n yimeqranen, dgha asmi ara yemmet yemsiwel-nsent aneggaru, tutlayin-agi
ad negrent. Yugh lh'al, at'as n tutlayin umi d-yeqqim ala kan yiwen wemdan
ay tent-yettmeslayen, yernu asmi ara yemmet wemdan-agi, ula d tutlayt-nni
ad tettusemma temmut, dgha ur d-mazal ad yili win ara tt-yemmeslayen wala
win ara tt-yissinen.
D anect-a
ay sent-yed'ran i tutlayin am tegrigit (grec) taqburt akk d tlatinit ?
Ala.
Tutlayin-a ttusemmant mmuten imi yiwen ur a tent-yettmeslay akken llant
ttumeslayent di tallit-nni taqburt i deg llant ttarunt. Tutlayin-agi maci
d tutlayin nnid'en ay sent-yekksen amkan-nsent deg yiwet teswiât yernu
s tin n ddreâ, wanag tagrigit taqburt cwit', cwit' ay temhez (évoluer)
akken ad tughal d tagrigit tatrart (moderne), di lweqt i deg talatinit,
cwit', cwit' ay temhez ula d nettat akken ad d-tefk tat'alyanit, taspenyulit,
tafr'ensist akk d tr'umanit n wass-a. Akka digh ay d-ted'ra akk d teglizit
taqburt n tallit n Chaucer. Xas yiwen ur tt-yettmeslay tura, d nettat
ay yughalen d taglizit tatrart n wass-a.
Amek
ay neggrent tutlayin ?
Assenger
n kra n wegdud si rrif d yiwet si ssebbat n wengar n tutlayin. Ghef umedya
(lemtel), asmi ay snegren Wur'ufiyen (Européens) imezdaghen ines'liyen
n tegzirt n Tasmanya (di Ustr'alya), at'as n tutlayin -ur nez'ri ach'al
llant- ay inegren yid-sen. Maca ssebba tameqqrant akk deg wengar n tutlayin
nettat mi ara tili tmetti (communauté) yettmeslayen tutlayt-is teh'r'es-itt
terbaât nnid'en, ay idjehden yernu tugar-itt, akken ad teddj tutlayt-is
u ad d-ternu gher tneggarut-a. Dgha tikwal, medden lemmden tutlayt taberr'anit
gher tama n tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit, u d anect-n ay d-yed'ran di Groenland,
d yiwet n tama ay teh'kem Danmar'k, anda ay ttmeslayen Yiskimuten (Eskimos)
tutlayt-nsen, takalaallisut (kalaallisut) yernu ssnen digh ad mmeslayen
tadanmar'kit. D acu kan, at'as anda ara naf d akken timetti yesâan tutlayt-is
tanes'lit tettwah'r'es akken ad tt-teddj u ad teddj yid-s tinettit-is
(identité) tadelsant. D anect-a ay d-yed'ran i Yikurdiyen di Tt'erk, anda
ay d asen-yegdel (interdire) usad'uf (lqanun) ad d-ssuffghen s kra n tghawsa
ara yarun s tutlayt-nsen negh ad tt-slemden akken ilaq. D anect-a digh
ay d-yed'ran akk d yimez'yanen n Yihendiyen n Temrikt (Indiens d'Amériques),
imi si melmi kan, llan mazal kra deg-sen ttqasan-ten lemmer ad mmeslayen
s tutlayt-nsen deg yigherbazen igensiyen (internats).
Angar
n tutlayin id'erru-d dindin negh s leâqel ?
Yezmer
ad d-yed'ru dindin am wakken ay yezmer ad d-yed'ru cwit', cwit'. Yugh
lh'al, tezmer ad tenger tutlayt deg yiwet kan n tsuta (ldjil) ma yella
ur d-mazal ara a tt-lemmden yigerdan. Anect-a yed'ra-d s tidet akk d Yiskimuten
Iyupiken (Yupiks) n Alaska, imi lemmer ad nughal kan s 20 n yiseggasen
gher deffir, ad naf d akken igerdan-nsen merr'a llan ttmeslayen tayupikt,
di lweqt i deg ass-a, Iyupiken imez'yanen akk ay nezmer ad ten-naf ttmeslayen
tutlayt-nsen sâan si 20 n yiseggasen d asawen, ma d igerdan iyupiken ttmeslayen
kan taglizit. Yed'ra-d digh wanect-a akk d Yikusiyen (Ecossais) n tegzirt
n Cape Breton (di Tikust Tamaynut, di Kanada), imi deg yiseggasen n 1940
llan mazal-iten ttmeslayen tutlayt tikusit, maca di tizi n yiseggasen
n 1970, ughalen yigerdan-nsen ur a lemmden ara tutlayt-a. Di kra n yimukan
nnid'en, tutlayin âett'lent ugar akken ad negrent. Tutlayin tihendiyin
n Temrikt (amérindiennes) am tonondagat (o nondaga) akk d tmohawkt (mohawk),
ay ttmeslayen di tmiwa ibeâden ghef temdinin n Uwanek (Etat) n New York
akk d tmiwa n Kanada ay d-iqerben gher din, qqiment sin n leqrun nitenti
a neggrent cwit', cwit', d acu kan, ar ass-a, mazal ttmeslayen-tent yimeqqranen
yernu tamohawkt, llan ula d kra n yelmez'yen ay d-mazal ssnen-tt.
Ach'al
n tutlayin ara iteddun akken ad negrent deg wemd'al (ddunit) ?
Ghef
leh'sab n yiwet n tesnadant (statistique) ay yettwaxedmen di 1996, 6703
n tutlayin ay llan ttmeslayen-tent medden deg wemd'al (ddunit) deg useggas-nni.
Ger-asent, 1000 n tutlayin llan ttmeslayen-tent di Temrikt, 2011 n tutlayin
di Tefriqt, 225 n tutlayin di Tur'uft, 2165 di Asya akk d 1320 n tutlayin
di Tuqyanust (Océanie). Yugh lh'al, ilaq ad nh'ader seg yemd'anen-agi
(nombres) imi ay llant wat'as n tutlayin deg wemd'al i ghef nesâa citt'ah'
kan n yisallen, yernu digh at'as n yisallen ay nesâa ghef kra n tutlayin,
ass-a iâedda-tent zzman. Rnu-yas s anect-a, yewâer' ghef yimassanen (savants)
ad gen talast ger n tutlayt akk d tentala (dialecte), d acu kan, tuget
meqqren deg yimesnilsiyen (linguistes) msefhamen d akken amd'an n tutlayin
yellan deg wemd'al ad yili ifel (iâedda) i 5000. Yugh lh'al, at'as si
tutlayin-agi ara inegren sya ghef lqern. Kra n yimesnilsiyen qqaren-d
d akken tutlayin yellan deg wemd'al ad n eqsent s wezgen, ma d wiyad'
qqaren-d d akken ala kan citt'ah' n yimid'iyen (centaines) n tutlayin
ara d-yeqqimen, imi amur ameqqran si tutlayin n wemd'al -tuget deg-sent
ttmeslayen-tent ala kan kra n yigiman (milliers) n medden- atenti la ttughalent
gher deffir sdat n tutlayin idjehden am teglizit, taspenyulit, tapur'tigalit,
tacinwat, tarusit, tindunisit, taâr'abt, taswahilit akk d thendit. Dgha,
llan wid i d-yeqqaren d akken di meyya yiseggasen-agi ara d-iteddun, 90
% si tutlayin n wemd'al ara inegren.
Anwa
ay d imdanen umi tezmer ad tenger tutlayt ?
Xas
akken tutlayin-agi yettidiren deg umihi d tidersiyin (minotités) ay tent-yettmeslayen,
maca amur meqqren si tutlayin n wemd'al d tutlayin n tdersiyin [maci at'as
n medden ay tent-yettmeslayen]. Ah'ric meqqren si tutlayin n wemd'al ttmeslayent-tent
teqbilin n Papua Ginya Tamaynut (Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée) wughur ay
nezmer ad naf 900 n tutlayin. Di Ustr'alya, 90 % si tutlayin n yimezdaghen
iserwen (aborigènes) n tmurt-agi ara inegren di tsuta-yagi (ldjil) n wass-a.
Imezdaghen ins'eliyen n Temrikt (Ihendiyen) mazal-iten cfan ghef 90% si
tutlayin-nsen. Tidersiyin akk d teqbilin n Tefriqt, n Asya akk d Tuqyanust
mazal ttmeslayen igiman (milliers) n tutlayin, yernu di Tur'uft, at'as
n yegduden ay rran di rrif ay d-mazal ttmeslayen tutlayin-nsen am tirlandit,
tafrizit (di Tmura n Wadda -Pays-Bas), taprovençalit akk d tbaskit.
Ach'al
n tutlayin yellan deg umihi di Temrikt n Ugafa (Amérique du Nord) ?
Ghef
leh'sab n yiwet n tesnadent (statistique) ay d-yeffghen si melmi kan,
ala kan 194 n tutlayin tihendiyin ay d-yeqqimen si yimid'iyen-nni (centaines)
n tutlayin ay llan ttmeslayen-tent zik-nni. Ger n tutlayin tihendiyin
ay d-mazal ddrent ass-a, 33 seg-sent ttmeslayen-tent yimeqqranen akk d
yigerdan; 34 seg-sent ttmeslayen-tent yimeqqranen akk d citt'ah' kan n
yigerdan; 73 seg-sent qrib ala kan d imeqqranen ay tent-yettmeslayen yernu
tuget deg-sen flen i 70 n yiseggasen; ma d 5 seg-sent ad ilint ahat ass-a
negrent mad'i.
Tutlayin
ur a nettuselmad ara i yigerdan negh tid ara lemmden kan citt'ah' n yigerdan
atenti deg umihi yernu a teddunt akken ad negrent. Yugh lh'al, ala kan
d 33-nni n tutlayin n terbaât tamezwarut ayen yellan di "laman" [tid ay
ttmeslayen yimeqqranen akk d yimect'ah']. D acu kan, ula d tutlayin-a,
tuget deg-sent a ttidirent ghef yiri n umihi, imi wid ay tent-yettmeslayen
ttidiren gher tama n trebbaâ yesâan igerdan yettmeslayen taglizit [dgha
zemren yigerdan-nni Ihendiyen yettmeslayen naqal tutlayt-nsen, ad tt-ddjen
u ad ughalen ad ttmeslayen taglizit]. Rnu-yas s anect-a, tirebbaâ merr'a
n Yihendiyen n Temrikt n Ugafa atenti la ttwah'r'asent akken ad ddjent
tutlayin-nsent u ad ttmeslayent s teglizit yernu si ger wid yetth'ulfun
s wat'as i weh'r'as-agi d tisutyin (ledjyal) mezz'iyen. Yugh lh'al, tilibizyu
akk d yisura (films) numen ttaznen-d izen (message) ay yessebâaden medden
ghef wazalen-nsen imensayen (valeurs tradition nelles), yernu jebbden-d
ilmez'yen akken ad kecmen gher yiwen n wemd'al (monde, univers) n yiwez'la
(affaires) icebh'en ugar, yili amd'al-a ur yesâi ara akk assagh (relation)
akk d win n wegdud-nsen, win n yeqdimen-nsen akk d wansayen-nsen.
Akken
yebghu yili, xas ma yella ass-a ah'ric meqqren si tgemmi (patrimoine)
n tutlayin deg umihi ayen yella, mi ara nwali d akken at'as n tutlayin
n Yihendiyen n Temrikt ay d-yessawd'en alammi d lqern wis 21, ad nz'er
d akken tirebbaâ ay tent-yettmeslayen xas d timect'ah' maca djehdent,
yernu digh, tutlayt tesâa azal meqqren di tudert n yemdanen.
Mi
ara tenger kra n tutlayt, d acu ara d asen-yed'run i wid tt-yettmeslayen
akk d yemdanen n wemd'al s umata ?
Mi
ara tesr'uh' kra n terbaât tutlayt-is, ad tesr'uh' digh ah'ric ameqqran
si tnettit-is tadelsant (identité culturelle). Mi ara sr'uh'en yemdanen
tutlayt-nsen, ama s lebghi-nsen negh ala, ad naf d akken dima yella wayen
i ten-ih'er'sen akken ad gen aya, yernu tikwal, wid yesr'uhu'yen tutlayt-nsen
tth'ulfun d akken sr'uh'en tinettit-nsen timettit (identité sociale) am
wakken ay tth'ulfun d akken ttwarnan. D acu kan, maci igduden merr'a tettr'uh'u-yasen
tnettit-nsen timettit mi ara sr'uh'en tutlayt-nsen; ghef umedya, Ihendiyen
Ichumashen (Chumash) n Kalifur'nya akk d yimezdaghen n tegzirt n Man [di
Brit'anya Tameqqrant] xas sr'uh'en tutlayin-nsen, ur sr'uh'en ara tinettit-nsen.
Maca akken yebghu yili, tettghimi-d tutlayt d azamul idjehden n tnettit
n wegdud. Ah'ric meqqren si tudert tadelsant, taneffant (spirituelle)
akk d tudert taggagt (intellectuelle) s tutlayt-nsen ay t-ttidiren medden.
Dgha, wid ay d-mazal ttmeslayen tutlayt-nsen yis-s ara daâun, yis-s ara
yissinen ineqqisen-nsen (mythes), tifugliwin-nsen (cérémonies), tamedyazt-nsen
(poésie), ccbah'a n wawal-nsen akk d wawalen-nsen akniyen (mots techniques),
yernu s tutlayt-nsen digh ara ttemzulun (se saluer), yis-s ara ttemsefraqen
akk d wid h'emmlen, d ighunab-is (styles) n wawal ara sseqdacen, yis-s
ara ttqess'iren yernu yis-s ara ttmeslayen i yigerdan-nsen. S tutlayt-nsen
ara zemren ad d-mmeslayen ghef tnumyin (habitudes), ghef tt'bayeâ akk
d wayen akk umi tth'ulfun. Maca ma sr'uh'en tutlayt-nsen, anect-agi merr'a
ilaq ad t-beddlen akken ad d-yemyezg akk d tutlayt-nni tamaynut ara sseqdacen
syad d tasawent, dgha awalen-nni akk ay llan sseqdacen-ten deg yedles-nsen
ad ten-beddlen s wawalen nnid'en, s yimesliyen (les'wat) nnid'en akk d
tjerr'umt nnid'en n tutlayt-nni ur nelli nsen, negh ma ur zmiren ara,
ad sr'uh'en kulci. Yugh lh'al, at'as n wansayen (traditions) ay yettmettaten
akken kan ara temmet tutlayt, dgha imawlan-nsen ttaddam en sakin tinumyin
n wegdud-nni ay ten-yernan. Ihi, ah'raz n tutlayt yesâa azal meqqren at'as
gher wegdud, akken ad tidir tnettit-is, akken ur inegger ara netta s timmad-is.
Si
tama nnid'en, ula d tussna (science) at'as ay tesr'uh'uy mi ara temmet
kra n tutlayt. Yugh lh'al, s tutlayt ay ttemseh'fad'en yemdanen amezruy
n yegduden-nsen, dgha mi ara tenger tutlayt, tezmer ad teglu s wat'as
n yisallen yesâan azal meqqren ghef umezruy aqbur n wegdud-nni. Nnger
n tutlayin ireggel-as abrid i tussna akken ad tissin tamusni n wemdan
(cognition) negh amek ilemmed yernu yettissin lumur'. Mi ara nezrew (ad
ngher) akk ayen i deg cerkent tutlayin n wemd'al merr'a, nezmer ad nissin
akk ayen nezmer ad t-id-nini s tutlayt n wemdan akk d wayen ur nezmir
ara, ayen tezmer ad t-teg tutlayt n wemdan d wayen ur tezmir. Dgha anect-a
yesselmad-anegh-d at'as n tghawsiwin ghef leâqel n wemdan akk d wamek
ay zemren yigerdan ad lemden dindin yernu s tefses anagraw (système) iweâr'en
akka am tutlayt. Dgha, simmal ttanqasent tutlayin yellan deg wemd'al,
simmal ara tettanqas tmusni-nnegh ghef leâqel n wemdan.
I ma
mmeslayen akk yemdanen yiwet n tutlayt, ur yessishil ara wanect-a
lumur' ?
Xas
ma yella llan at'as n medden deg wemd'al ay terra tmara ad lemden kra
n tutlayt taghelnawt (nationale) negh tagraghlant (internationale) [i
lmend n wemsefham akk d wid ur nettmeslay ara tutlayt-nsen], anect-a ur
yebghi ara d-yini d akken ilaq ad ddjen tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, tanes'lit.
Igerdan ay d-yettenkaren s snat n tutlayin negh ugar, ttughalen ssnen
tutlayin-a merr'a, am yigerdan ay d-yettenkaren kan s yiwet n tutlayt.
D acu
ay izemren ad yettwaxdem i lmend n weh'raz n tutlayin yellan deg umihi
?
Tarbaât
yebghan ad teh'rez negh ad d-tessider tutlayt-is tesâa at'as n yefranen
(choix, options) ger n yifassen-is. Tadyant yessewhamen akk deg usider
n tutlayin tezmer ad tili d tin ay d-yed'ran akk d tutlayt taâebrit (hébreu)
ay yughalen d tutlayt tayemmat n wegdud [di lqern wis 20], mbeâd ma tesâedda
ach'al n leqrun tettwalmad kan akken tt-uran zik-nni. Ma d tirlandit,
si tama nnid'en, yettunefk-as wazal meqqren di tsuda (institutions) akk
d tsertit n Irland, imi d nettat ay d tutlayt taghelnawt n tmurt-a, xas
akken tesseâraq-as teglizit tikli. Di Ziland Tamaynut, sbedden-d Yimaoriyen
(Maoris) [imezdaghen ines'liyen n tmurt-a] almaten n yigerdan (jardins
d'enfants) i deg qeddcen yimeqqranen yessnen tutlayt tamaorit, yernu ttmeslayen-asen
i yigerdan ala kan s tutlayt-a. Imd'iqen-agi qqaren-asen s tmaorit "kohanga
reo" negh "leâcuc n tutlayt", yernu ama di Ziland Tamaynut negh di Alaska,
ama di Hawaii negh anda nnid'en, l lan wid yebdan a xeddmen akka ula i
yigerdan n yigherbazen imenza akk d kra n tesnawiyin (lycées). Ma di Kalifur'nya,
ughalen yelmez'yen [ihendiyen] ttr'uh'un gher yilemmasen akk d yemgharen
ay d-mazal ssnen tutlayt-nsen akken ad asen-tt-slemden. Yugh lh'al ass-a,
at'as n yisaragen (conférences), ih'una (ateliers) n leqdic ghef tutlayin
akk d yedlisen ara yettâawanen imdanen, igherbazen akk d trebbaâ ara iqeddcen
akken ad h'erzen tutlayin-nsen.
Imi
at'as n tutlayin ayen yellan deg umihi, imesnilsiyen la ttaârad'en ad
lemden akk ayen zemren fell-asent, i wakken xas ma tenger tutlayt-nni,
tamusni-yines ur tnegger ara yid-s. Dgha, wid yettnadin deg wennar kellsen-d
(enregistrer) tisfifin tiz'rawiyin (cassettes vidéos) akk d tesfifin n
tmesliwt ghef tutlayin-a, yernu ttarun-tent am wakken ay d-sseddayen tasuqilt
i wayen akk ay d-kellsen. Rnu-yas s anect-a, zerrwen digh yemnuda (chercheurs)
amawal akk d yilugan (règles) n tutlayin-agi yernu ttarun-asent-d imawalen
akk d tjerr'umin.
Qeddcen
digh yimesnilsiyen akk d trebbaâ ay yebghan ad h'erzent tutlayt-nsent,
dgha ttaken-asent tallalt taknit (aide technique) akk d ttawil ay h'wadjent
i lmend n usselmed n tutlayt, ah'raz-yines akk d ussider-ines. Yugh lh'al,
imawalen akk d tjerr'umin ay d-ttarun sâan tasghent (ddur') meqqren di
tallalt-a. D acu kan, imesnilsiyen zemren ad âiwnen digh tirebbaâ-agi
s tarmit-nsen (expérience) n usselmed akk d wezraw (étude) n wat'as n
tutlayin. Dgha zemren ad sqedcen ayen ay d-lemden si tutlayin nnid'en
ay yellan deg umihi akken ad âiwnen kra n terbaât ad teh'rez tutlayt-is,
yernu zemren ad sqedcen tiknussniwin (technologie) tineggura i lmend n
weklas akk d wezraw n tutlayin.
A
d-ttlalent tutlayin timaynutin deg wemkan n tid yettmettaten ?
Ih.
At'as n tutlayin n yezmulen (signes) ay d-yennulfan di leqrun-agi iâeddan,
u gar-asent tutlayt n yezmulen tamarikanit. Tatokpisint (Tok Pisin, néomélanésien),
tutlayt taghelnawt n Papua Ginya Tamaynut, tekka-d seg yiwet n tnerbaz't
(mélange) n tutlayin ay yebnan ghef teglizit akk d kra n tutlayin nnid'en.
Yernu, mi ara ttâeddin leqrun, zemrent ula d tintalyin (dialectes) n kra
n tutlayt ad nnernint alamma ughalent ula d nitenti d tutlayin i yiman-nsent,
akken d-ted'ra d tentalyin n tlatinit ay d-yefkan ass-a tafr'ensist, tat'alyanit
akk d tutlayin nnid'en.
D acu
kan, ur nezmir ara ad nesnemhel (ad nqaren) tutlayin-agi timaynutin gher
tgemmi (patrimoine) n tutlayin n wemd'al ayen ara ineggren. Igiman-nni
(milliers) n tutlayin ay ttmeslayen ass-a deg wemd'al, seg wasmi ay d-yebda
umezruy n yemdanen ara mehhzent (évoluer) akken ad ilint akken llant ass-a.
Yal tawacult n tutlayin tesâa, ma cwit', 5000 n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi
ay d-temsefraq ghef tiyad', tikwal ugar n wanect-a. Ma tughal teglizit
d nettat kan ay d tutlayt tawh'idt deg wemd'al, laqent-as timrawin n yigiman
(dizaines de milliers) n yiseggasen akken ad d-tefk tand'a-yagi (diversité)
tameqqrant n tutlayin yellan ass-a, yernu akken ad d-yili wanect-a, ilaq
ad d-ilint ula d tignatin-nni ay d-yellan zik deg umezruy n yemdanen akken
ad-tili tand'a-yagi yellan ass-a. Yugh lh'al, tand'a akk d tgemmi n tutlayin
n wemd'al, h'wadjen-tt yemdanen s tidet di tudert-nsen, yernu ma tr'uh',
ur tezmir ad d-tettwaxlef.
Tzemrem
ad d-tafem ugar n yisallen di teghbula-yagi :
- Davis, Wade. 1999.
"Vanishing Cultures". National Geographic. 196(2). 62-89.
- Grenoble, Lenore,
and Lindsay Whaley (eds.) 1998. Endangered -Languages: Language Loss
and Community Response. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Robins, Robert,
and Eugenius Uhlenbeck (eds.) 1992. Endangered Languages. Oxford: Berg.
- http://www.linguistlist.org/
- Yettwakkes-d wed'ris-agi
si : http://www.lsadc.org/web2/faq/faq.htm
AY
AGDUD AMAZIGH ! BER'KA-K TAREWLA !
Ay
agdud amazigh, ur kkat ara iman-ik s tmesmeghrad't-yinek (universalisme)
tadelsant ! Ach'al d tutlayt umi tefkid' inemyaren (penseurs), ih'eddaden
n wawal akk d yemura imeqqranen. Ach'al n tutlayin ay yugmen seg-k maci
d kra !
Tefkid'-as
i tegrigit Yuba wis Sin s Caesarae-yines akk d wach'al n yemura nnid'en
i yes tella tettzuxxu Cirta. Ma d talatinit, tefkid'-as Terentius d Arnobius,
Saint Augustin akk d Cyprianus akken kan ad d-nader wid ay d-yeqqimen
di ccfawat n umezruy-ik ghezzifen. Tafr'ensist tewwi seg-k Iâemr'ucen
akk d Feraoun, Mouloudji d Dda Lmulud. Ma d wid-n tefkid' i taâr'abt,
ad neâred' ad d-nefren seg-sen
kra, yugh lh'al yewâer' ad nz'er anwa ara neddem d wanwa ara neddj seg-sen,
negh ala ? At'as n yismawen ara d-nemmekti ghef tikkelt, ad asen-nanfet
kan ad mdehh'asen, u qqim tura ad nferr'edj mi ara d-ttâeddin : awennat
(commentateur) Ikrima al-Amazighi; imedyazen yecban Sâdiq al-Amazighi,
al-Bussiri, Madghis, akk d Ibn Brahim; imjerr'umen yecban Issa al-Jazuli,
Ibn Mu'ti az-Zawawi akk d Ibn Ajerr'um as-Sanhaji; is'ufiyen yecban Waggag,
Ibn Yasin, Utumert, ach-Chadili akk d Mohamed al-Jazuli; iminigen d yimeklunughen
(géograp hes) yecban Ibn 'Abdari, Hassan al-Wazzan az-Zanati d Abdallah
al-'Ayyachi akk d umesnallun (astronome), amusnak (mathémathicien) al-Marghili;
amesray (prosateur) d butebratin (épistolier) al-Hassan al-Yusi; imezrayen
(historiens) yecban al-Baydoo Ibn Idari, Abu Hayyan al-Gharmati al-Amazighi,
al-Ifrani, Akensus akk d az-Zayani ... susem ! ...
Ur
d-bedder yiwen seg wid-n akken i yes i k-h'esden. Ur d-tluled' d imsewweq,
ur tessined' ad tsewwqed'. Wamag, Ibn Xeldun ghur-k ara d-yughal mi ara
k-nezzizdeg amezruy-ik seg yilefd'an merr'a ay t-yulin. Maca mel-asen
ay agdud abrid i s kra n wid umi yeâreq; ughal-d gher tutlayt-ik ara k-yettr'adjun
s ss'ber ur nesâi tamtilt tlatalaf n yiseggasen aya. Xas tesâedda tiswiâin
n lh'if, mi k-twala tlehh'ud' d tucbih'in tiberr'aniyin, tez'ra d akken
yiwwas, s tezmert-is d ldjehd-ines, ad tessiwed' alamma terra-k-id ghur-s.
H'emmel-itt ihi ay agdud Amazigh, tefked'-as si leh'mala-k ayen werdjin
tefkid' i tiyad', yernu bedd-as i lmendad, tnefâed'-tt s tegzi-yinek (intelligence)
ay d-tkesbed' si leqdic-inek i lmend n wakk ayen yellan d ameghradi (universel).
(...)
Tutlayt-ik
werdjin teqqim ur k-th'emmel ara. Ihi ber'ka-k tarewla !
Yettwakkes-d
si tgejdit n wutt'un amezwaru n tesghunt "Tafsut", ay d-yeffghen di 1981,
akken kan tâedda Tefsut n 80.
Tasuqilt
sghur Mes'bah' H'afid'
Arut-agh-d,
gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar lâeslama i s kra n tebrat ara d agh-d-yawd'en
sghur-wen.
Tiddukla
Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006, Alger, Algérie
E-mail
: adadam89@yahoo.fr
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