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Born in 1968 in Cologne (Germany) Gabriele Kratochwil read Islamic Studies, Politics and Public Law at Bonn University and in Cairo. Her Master’s thesis on the Amazigh Cultural Movement (MCA) in Algeria and on the Amazigh diaspora in France was published in 1996. Whilst researching for her thesis, the author followed the activities of the MCA in Morocco from 1997 to 2000, especially in the association movement. The author was present at the first World Amazigh Congress in Tafira in 197. The author’s thesis, which underwent viva voce at Bonn University, was published in 2002.
The same author has written "Die Berber in der historichen Entwicklung Algeriens von1949 bis 1990. Zur Konstruktion einer ethnishchen identität" (The Berbers in the historical development of Algeria from 1949 to 1990. About the building of an ethnic identity), Klaus Schwarz Verlag, Berlin 1996. Gabriele Kratochwil is also the author of several articles about the MCA in Morocco and on the first World Amazigh Congress in Tafira.
References for orders: Klaus Schwarz
Verlag, Berlin Gabriele Kratochwil:
„Die Berberbewegung in Marokko. Zur Geschichte der Konstruktion
einer ethnischen Identität (1912-1997)" Gabi Kratochwil:
„Die Berber in der historischen Entwicklung Algeriens von 1949 bis
1990. Zur Konstruktion einer ethnischen Identität" |
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KRATOCHWIL Gabriele – Die Berberbewegung in Marokko. Zur Geschichte der Konstruktion einer ethnischen identität (1912-1997), Berlin, Gerd Winkerhane, Klaus Schwarz Verlag GmbH, 2002, 489 p. Publication of the author’s thesis which underwent viva voce in 2002 at Bonn University. This far-reaching synthesis, well argued and supported by a mass of documentation, constitutes the first exhaustive work on the construction of the Berber identity and the history of the Amazigh (Berber) cultural movement in Morocco. The author constantly evaluates the place that this very specific subject has at the heart of the Moroccan political and cultural world. After defining the theme and the methods to be used, the second part (1912-1956) is devoted to the various phases of the pacification of the Berber tribes, and the policies followed during the period of the French Protectorate: "France’s Berber Policy", the main Berber revolts between 1907 and 1926 (introducing some resistance chants of the tribes of the Middle Atlas Mountains) before examining the Berber position during the period of Moroccan nationalism. The third part, (1956 to 1979) mainly describes the role played by the Berbers and their pronouncements from Independence onwards, whilst retracing the beginnings of the Berber issue and the role of Amrec and Ancap, the first Amazigh associations. The fourth part, 1980-1997, is devoted to the MCA (Amazigh Cultural Movement)’s swing from cultural issues to political ones and back again, State repression and opposition, the establishing of Agadir University whilst the first Berber demonstrations were taking place, the publication of the movement’s first official texts and a widening of the gap between the upholders of the Berber identity and the Arab one. Further to a discussion on the hopes raised by the King’s speech in 1994, following the "Tilelli Affair", GK gives a detailed analysis, thanks to a great deal of work carried out on the ground, of the association boom which followed in the three Berber-speaking regions and the various schools of pro-Berber thought, from the moderate advocates of culturalism to those advocating political culturalism, not forgetting those militating within the judicial framework of the Human Rights Movement. The biographies of the MCA leaders found at the end of the book are extremely useful. GK finally describes the creation of the World Amazigh Congress (its organisation and goals), heralding the birth of an international Berber movement. The author described the creation of the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture (Ircam) in 1997, an important milestone for the future of the Berber issue., The linguistic issue is examined throughout this work and the wealth of information brought to this subject renders this examination particularly precise and informed: the University situation, new songs, the written form, choice of characters, teaching, are all very important today since the members of Ircam opted for tifinagh characters, their choice being subsequently approved by the King. This work, both far-reaching (as shown by its bibliography) and innovative, is in response to a real demand on the part of researchers, students and associations both in the Maghreb and in the Berber Diaspora. Bibliographie
berbčre annotée, Claude Brenier-Estrine (Iremam, Fonds berbčre,
Aix-en-Provence) |